Negotiation and Resistance Point - 6335 Words

Fill in the Blank Questions 1. Distributive bargaining is basically a competition over who is going to get the most of a limited resource. 2. Whether or not one or both parties in a distributive bargaining situation achieve their objectives will depend upon the strategies and tactics they employ. 3. The resistance point is the point beyond which a person will not go and would rather break off negotiations. 4. The spread between the resistance points is called the bargaining range. 5. A positive bargaining range occurs when the buyers resistance point is above the sellers. 6. Alternatives are important because they give the negotiator power to walk away from any negotiation when the emerging deal is not very good. 7.†¦show more content†¦T F 34. The more you can do to convince the other party that his or her costs of delay or aborting negotiations will be costly, the more likely he or she will be to establish a modest resistance point. T F 35. The first step for a negotiator completing a distributive bargaining negotiation is to obtain information about the other partys outcome values and resistance points. T F 36. In calculated incompetence, the negotiator is intentionally given false or misleading information to reveal to the other party. T F 37. Selective presentation can be used to lead the other party to form the desired impression of your resistance point or to open up new possibilities for agreement that are more favorable to the presenter than those that currently exist. T F 38. Studies indicate that negotiators who make low or modest opening offers get higher settlements than do those who make extreme opening offers. T F 39. Parties feel better about a settlement when negotiations involve a progression of concessions. T F 40. If a major concession has been made on a significant point, it is expected that the return offer will be on the same item or one of similar weight and comparable magnitude. T F 41. A small concession late in negotiations may indicate that there is little room left to move. T F 42. It is important to signal to the other party with either behavior or words that theShow MoreRelatedIntegrative and Distributive Negotiations1059 Words   |  5 PagesIntegrative and Distributive Bargaining Whether a negotiation involves working together toward a goal or working against one another to win, each party must use a strategy to reach a solution. The differences of distributive bargaining and integrative bargaining are parallel. The ways in which one method is competitive and the other is cooperative is described and related to a well-known case involving basketball player Juwan Howard. Distributive Bargaining In a competitive bargaining situationRead MoreSluggers Come Home1475 Words   |  6 PagesWith the development of society, more and more people are aware of the importance of negotiation. Progressively choosing a negotiation strategy may generate more advantageous bargaining outcomes. Many important negotiation strategies are involved in the video â€Å"sluggers come home† and here we explain which negotiation strategy has been adopted in the different situations of this case.   Ã‚   In the preparation stage of this case, Brabara makes an offer and she intends to rent the baseball playground.Read MoreRobust Routers Job Offer Negotiation1187 Words   |  5 Pages In the simulation involving a negotiation over a job offer at Robust Routers, I played the role of the human resource director; Leigh Bultema, and my partner played the role of Joe Tech; the recent MBA graduate seeking permanent employment with the technology company. Joe is not in agreement with the terms of the original offer and would like to negotiate the terms of certain issues within the bargaining mix. One key issue Joe is negotiating is the relocation to Robust Routers headquartersRead MoreThe Hybrid Strategy And Tactics For Sell My Bike1000 Words   |  4 Pagesdelves upon the learnings and tactics that could be leveraged in future negotiations and some adjustments made as part of this negotiation. Overall the report discusses the following tactics of negotiations: finding a bridge solution, assessing other part resistance point and managing other party’s impression, use of sweeteners, invention of options for mutual gain and hallo effects in perception. Strategy Tactics As this negotiation is a combination of both distributive and integrative. I choose aRead MoreMgmt3721 Negotiation Skill1686 Words   |  7 PagesIntroduction This essay explains the negotiation rationale behind the role of Excalibur Engine Parts Company. Several important issues of the negotiation were chosen to be explained in more details here. They included the goals, strategies, tactics chosen, resistance point, target point, opening offer, concession plan, why certain questions would be asked and answered and an analysis of the other party. Excalibur Engine’s goals According to Zetik amp; Stuhlmacher (2002), each negotiator has uniqueRead MoreExcalibur Plan1628 Words   |  7 PagesNegotiation Plan – Excalibur Engine Parts As the VP of Sales for Excalibur I am required to negotiate with Knight Engines Inc to come to an agreement for a rush order of 8000 pistons within two weeks. It is in my personal interests to deliver a substantial profit to Excalibur for the benefit of shareholders. However, negotiating a deal with Knight may be the only chance for Excalibur to avoid a major loss in this quarter. Consequently, I aim to secure a profitable contract but am willing to tradeRead MoreNegotiating Essay example1017 Words   |  5 PagesJetta today for no less than $4,700, which is what I need to put a down payment on the Subaru. If I am unable to sell to the party I am negotiating with, the Subaru dealer said he would buy it for $4,400, but I think I can get more than that. Negotiation Arrangements: The buyer I am negotiating with is Carole Meriwether. We have agreed to negotiate at 6:30 pm in BAH because it is neutral territory. We both felt that it would be in our best interest to negotiate somewhere where we both felt equallyRead MoreNegotiation Checklist1042 Words   |  5 PagesThe Negotiation Checklist is a list that helps to prepare you for negotiation. The list consists of four parts: you (the negotiator), the other party (them), the situation or environment, and the relationship between the parties. According to Tripp, â€Å"The well prepared negotiator knows the playing field and the players, is seldom surprised, and can promptly capitalize on opportunities.† In the first part of the negotiation checklist, self-assessment is necessary in order to determine what youRead MoreNegotiation and Team Owner1259 Words   |  6 Pagesmanager. c. The name of the commentator? The commentator in the video is Dr. Margaret Neale. d. Which character recently earned an MBA? What was his or her role in the story? Carla has recently earned an MBA and her role is aid in negotiation. 2. Why is there no team in the Morgan Hills stadium? The teams owner was died and the heirs sold team. 3. The Narrator says, â€Å"no one should accept a deal that makes him or her worse off,† Yet, she says, this often happens. Give two reasonsRead MoreNegotiation by Lewicki1690 Words   |  7 Pages Book Summary of Negotiation by Roy J. Lewicki, David M. Saunders, and John W. Minton Citation: Negotiation, 3rd edition, Roy J. Lewicki, David M. Saunders, and John W. Minton, (Boston: Irwin McGraw-Hill, 1999). This Book Summary written by: Conflict Research Consortium Staff Readers will find this textbook on negotiations to be broadly accessible and very informative. The third edition has been substantially updated and revised to reflect current negotiations research. Thirteen chapters are

Social Engineering Is A Powerful Tool Used By Cyber Criminals

Social Engineering It is the manipulation of people through deception, lies, fabricated story and tricks. They influence and persuade people to obtain information with or without the use of technology. Social engineering is a powerful tool used by cyber criminals’ especially on seniors because of their level of trust. They aim at collecting your confidential information and later use it against you. Password, Account number – credit card, debit cards, employee ID, and full name, date of birth, email address, social insurance number, driver license number and telephone numbers are normally collected Knowing the person you are dealing with, and the tactics they use is important to overcome them, that is why user awareness and education is†¦show more content†¦Protection against Social Engineering †¢ Never give confidential information through emails, phones or to unknown person †¢ Don’t click on a website unknown to you or download or open email attachment from unknown senders. †¢ Before clicking on links in emails and on websites watch for misspellings, @ signs and suspicious domain names. †¢ Make it a habit to periodically check your bank statement to see if they are anomalies or fraudulent transactions. †¢ Use a strong password and personal verification questions. †¢ Reject requests for online tech support from strangers no matter how legitimate they may appear †¢ Avoid being greedy on the web for offers you have not made or responding to any offers made over the phone or via text messages. †¢ Pay attention to website URL. Sometimes online fraudsters make slight changes to URLs in order to direct messages to their own spoofed sites †¢ Secure your computer with anti-virus software and regularly update software and operating systems †¢ Verify that a lock icon is on your browser address bar when submitting payment or confidential information. †¢ Always shred and/or destroy prior to disposal sensitive and confidential information you do not need. †¢ Be suspicious of unsolicited emails †¢ Be cautious in situations where a party refuses to provide basic contact information †¢ Verify incoming checks and ensure clearance prior to transferring any money by wire †¢ Establish call-back procedures to clients and vendorsShow MoreRelatedSocial Engineering Is A Powerful Tool Used By Cyber Criminals1767 Words   |  8 Pagesinfluence and persuade people to obtain information with or without the use of technology. Social engineering is a powerful tool used by cyber criminals’ especially on seniors because of their level of trust. They aim at collecting your confidential information and later use it against you. Password, Account number – credit card, debit cards, employee ID, and full name, date of birth, email address, social insurance number, driver license number and telephone numbers are normally collected KnowingRead MoreComputer Security And Social Engineering3915 Words   |  16 PagesComputer Security and Social Engineering In terms of computer security, Social Engineering refers to the psychological manipulation of people in order to access confidential information. It is believed that it can be easier to trick people than to hack into their computing system by force. Social engineers gather personal information or gain access to computers by exploiting people’s natural tendency to want to trust others and be helpful. Some methods that are used by social engineers to gain informationRead MoreA Thesis On Computer Science Engineering9162 Words   |  37 PagesBOTNET FRAMEWORK A Thesis Submitted In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements For the Degree Of MASTER OF TECHNOLOGY In Computer Science Engineering By CHANCHAL AHLAWAT (Enrollment no: 21341314013) Under the Supervision of Mr. ANCHIT BIJALWAN Uttaranchal University, Dehradun, Uttarakhand) To the Faculty of Computer Science Engineering UTTARANCHAL UNIVERSITY DEHRADUN May, 2015 CERTIFICATE Certified that Chanachal Ahlawat (21341314001), has carried out the research work presentedRead MoreThe Growing Problem of White Collar Crimes in India19963 Words   |  80 Pages people will lose faith in us†- Dr Radhakrishnan Methodology The research methodology used for the present research article is traditional Doctrinal research method. As most of the information can be sought form the available literature. So the researcher has chosen doctrinal method as method of research for the present article and has used books, journals, research articles for preparation of the same. Objectives of the study The main objectives of the researchRead MoreSocial Media6807 Words   |  28 PagesSocial Networks and their impact on Availability, Confidentiality and Integrity Musa Ramadhani Davenport University IAAS 667 - Legal and Ethical Security Topics Deanne Cranford-Wesley Table of Contents Abstract3 Introduction4 Problem Statement7 Literature Review8 Findings11 Military Families12 Identifying your social media users16 Common myths about Social Media17 Data leakage and non-disclosure17 Social Media Squatting18 A new generation of hackers18 The high cost of inaction19 Read MoreSocial Media And Its Effects On The Internet2870 Words   |  12 PagesAbstract Social networking websites are the most prominent websites on the Internet. Millions of people use them every day to interact and connect with family, friends, and loves who maybe far away or within big businesses organizations, and schools. Social networking websites like Twitter, Facebook, LinkedIn and Google Plus and Google Handouts seem to be the most popular websites on the Internet. Social networking privacy issues have ruled the headlines in the first half of 2011. With most social networksRead MoreCore Banking Solutions12901 Words   |  52 PagesOf Core Banking Solutions (CBS) Objectives of the Project Work: The major objectives of this project work are to: †¢ To evaluate the advantages and disadvantages of CBS over traditional banking system †¢ To explore the technology used in CBS with special reference to Shreyas Grameen Bank. †¢ To identify and discuss various issues related with the automization of Banks. †¢ To define various Core Banking Services provided by Indian Banks. †¢ To identify andRead MoreFactors Influencing Enhanced Data Security Essay9883 Words   |  40 Pagesgovernment body which regulates all operations of commercial banks, controls the monetary policies as well as revoking banking licenses. Cyber-crime- this refers to all attempts by hackers to access information, manipulate and transfer unauthorized data or information. Data breach- This is any access of information by unauthorized people ICT Department- this shall be used to describe the department within the corporate which deals with handling of data and managing MIS. Hacker- this is a person who knowinglyRead MoreA Study of How to Promote the Use of Mobile Payment4519 Words   |  19 Pages209KM Research Methods Project Proposal A study of how to promote the use of mobile payment This example is for discussion, not used as a model of good report Table of Contents 1 Title 1 2 Aim 1 3 Objectives 1 4 Background 2 5 Critical review of relevant literature 3 5.1. Basic Mobile Payment Types 3 5.1.1. Mobile Fees Account Payment 3 5.1.2. Bank Card Mobile Payment 3 5.1.3. Token based Mobile Payment 4 5.2. Mobile payment choice 5 5.3. Factors that influenceRead MoreThe Pros and Cons of Cloud Computing3785 Words   |  16 Pages(IS) to the client by slipping into the role of a CIO on the receiving side and a sales person on the giving side respectively. â€Å"Cloud† is more a term than a definition, much like â€Å"web 2.0†, which describes a conglomerate of modern, dynamic and social web services. CC refers to a concept where the user gets computing and storage capacity without owning it, everything happens beyond his senses, in the â€Å"cloud†. The concept dates back to the 60s where the ideas of global computing networks shed the

Police fragmentation free essay sample

The Nature of Policing in the United States will constantly change based on certain events that happen. The government will always look for ways to adjust, trying to make policing more efficient, fair, and effective. Unlike policing in other countries, the structure of policing in the United States is extremely fragmented. According to the Bureau of Justice Statistics, there are currently 21 ,OOO federal, state, and local law enforcement agencies in the United States. In different levels of the government, here are thousands of different agencies that are responsible for specific tasks. Due to a high amount of different law enforcement agencies, it will always raise a concern on what works and what does not work. In recent years, the structure of American policing has dramatically changed. In todays society crimes such as drugs, murders, rapes and cyber crimes are at an all time high and much care and respect has to be given to the chain of command. From 1980 to now law enforcement agencies have had to reform and reconstruct how day to day business is conducted. There must be clear and concise lines drawn as to who is in the chain of command so that proper actions can be taken when needed. Heightened awareness of new era crimes has drastically evolved in the last thirty years, factors such as gang activity, increased drug use and internet crimes have changed law enforcement as a whole leading to policy and procedure changes. In the 1980s and the early 1990s gang and drug activity became an epidemic and law enforcement agencies were forced to crimes. Although gangs already existed, they seemed to have become more widespread throughout the nation and they were even emerging in small ommunities. During this era the drug trafficking played a major role in the increased gang activity in already existing larger gangs it also played a role in the creation of many smaller gangs, and no drug has had as much of an impact. Other horrific events have shaped the way law enforcement is now structured, for example, the terrorist attack on 9/1 1 has had a major impact on policing. Immediately, the department of Homeland Security was created initially to protect American citizens from the possibility of terrorist attacks and ways to counter react to them during the ear of 2002. Law enforcement agencies at different levels of government have different responsibilities and tasks that they must accomplish. The local police are the most visible to the public and they include municipal police departments, county police departments, and county sheriffs. These departments have the broadest functions, enforcing criminal laws, maintaining order, and reducing conflict. According to the Bureau of Justice Statistics, there were approximately 14,000 municipal police forces in the United States. Based on the local level, there is also law nforcement at the county level. These agencies are titles sheriffs office, and these departments serve all three branches of law enforcement. They are responsible for providing bail, serving summonses, and other civil law matters. Like the local law enforcement agency, state law enforcement agencies are also divided into two categories. Almost half of the state law enforcement agency is mostly responsible for traffic enforcement on the state highways. The remainder generally has other law enforcement responsibilities. State level police agencies include U. S. ttorneys which erve as the nations principal litigators under the direction of the attorney general. Most states also include other law enforcing organizations with limited powers, such as harbor police, airport police, school district police, etc. In general, state agencies are responsible for providing police services in unincorporated areas and small towns. Over the years, federal law enforcement has expanded with the idea that many crimes span state border s. The government no longer thinks of crimes as being committed at a single location within a single state. There are about 70 law nforcement agencies at the federal level. At the federal level, the responsibilities are more specific and defined by federal law. They are authorized, typically by Congress, to enforce specific laws or attend specific situations. After 9/1 1, many FBI agents were switched from their traditional law enforcement activities to anti-terrorist initiatives. They possess authority that is given to them under limited parts of the United States Code. In November 2002, Congress enacted legislation to create a new Department of Homeland Security. Other agencies include the Department of Treasury, Department of Justice, Department of Transportation, etc. In general, they all these agencies were created in order to centralize the administration and coordination of many existing agencies. Reluctance of Congress to empower any one agency with too much federal law enforcement authority prevents a national police. The United States system of policing is very unique compared to other countries. Many people believe that the American system of policing is extremely fragmented and loosely coordinated, which leads it to being ineffective and agencies in the same geographic area. This may lead to lack of information sharing among different agencies and agencies may compete rather than cooperate among one another. Second, fragmentation of responsibility can also lead to crime displacement. Third, a serious problem of duplication of services arises. Patrick Murphy, former police commissioner in several American cities, also suggested that many small communities are policed by a small amount of untrained individuals. Murphy argues that the small police agencies should be eliminated and that larger police organizations should be consolidated. The fragmented nature of the American law enforcement agency causes poor communication, lack of cooperation between police agencies and poor coordination. This may even lead to victims and offenders to get away with the crime they committed. On the other hand, many people may argue that the highly fragmented state of policing may not be such a bad idea. Small police departments can also be very efficient, for example, it puts more officers on the street to perform usual police services. With many more smaller police agencies, they are able to deliver more personalized services, be more flexible, ustomize strategies and have local control. Separate law enforcement agencies with specific tasks, for example, counter-terrorist agencies will be able to focus on specific terrorist issues which make them more reliable. The fragmentation of police was created in order to centralize the administration and coordination of many existing agencies. Reluctance of Congress to empower any one agency with too much power prevents a national police. This allows officers to be more specialized in their specific tasks. As a result, there are two major remedies for fragmentation. Consolidation is an alternative to fragmentation in a sense of consolidating small agencies into larger ones. This can improve communication and cooperation between police agencies. Another alternative to police fragmentation is contracting. This will allow small agencies to contract with larger agencies for specific services, for example, the Jail system. With contracting small agencies with larger agencies, the coordination between the two forces can improve the way we deal with specific issues. In retrospect, the structure of United States policing has constantly changed over the years. Each major crime has caused the structure of our policing system to change and adapt to the problems that are being faced by the United States. It is critical that law enforcement continually work on effective strategies, strengthen capabilities, and maintain collaborative workable relationships within the communities they serve. Although, these law enforcement agencies may have different missions and operations they all attempt to coordinate law enforcement operations as closely as the law permits. Canterbury, Chuck. The Future of Law Enforcement in the United States of America.

Leading Lovers Dreamers Into Musical Delight by The Tallest Man On Earth free essay sample

AUSTIN, Texas After a lovely afternoon perusing the vibrant clothing racks of Buffalo Exchange and eating a scrumptious mushroom quiche from Mother’s Cafe Garden, a vegetarian restaurant, my friend Grace and I took our vegan Chocolate Mocha Torte and blueberry pie to go, making our way to Antone’s Nightclub on 6th Street in Austin, Texas. When we arrived to the venue, a decent sized line snaked around the side of the building with folks shouting questions from their cars about who it was we were all waiting to see. Various college-aged looking kids with hipster glasses and granola thermals yelled back, â€Å"THE TALLEST MAN ON EARTH!† We were all visibly stoked to see the little known folk hero. Bon Iver drummer Sean Carey opened the evening with his own band, S. Carey. Their gentle, Local Natives-esque harmonies felt somewhat out of place among the talkative Antone’s crowd, yet Carey’s own sweet falsetto floated over the clashing, melodic instrumentals. We will write a custom essay sample on Leading Lovers Dreamers Into Musical Delight: by The Tallest Man On Earth or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page His band-mates were all excellent musicians, especially the bassist who pounded his bass with a passion. When he closed his eyes you could feel every note created from his fingers. However, the set as a whole was dull and I found myself glad that it was so brief. Every song sounded like it was cut from the same pattern: a slow build, expansive, wispy singing, and then a breakdown to end it all. The only interesting part of their short set was when the bassist and Carey went cuckoo for long seconds (minutes?), ripping at the strings and banging on the low tom, both sticks slamming on the drum skin. I have heard that their album All We Go is an impressive showcase of cinematic ambiance, and even if I didn’t love them live in a nightclub, I am not against the idea of giving S. Carey another listen on a listless, placid day. After S. Carey stripped down, an older man with an enormous belly walked on stage. To my surprise and confusion, the man pushed up his glasses and began to read an original poem about dew and a praying mantis. It was incredibly bizarre, and I was relieved when the moment was over and he left the club. It was uncomfortable seeing a possibly unstable man recite poetry to a buzzy crowd, but what can one say? It’s Austin and they keep it weird. Finally, after my feet began to ache in my boots, a small man leapt up onto the stage like a little, nimble, Swedish elf. Kristian Matsson, handsome in a James Dean fashion, simply walked across the stage making the crowd go wild and he bashfully grinned at the whistles and hollers. While tuning one of his four guitars, he moved from left to right looking out into the sold out mass, gazing into bright eyes with a perplexed, open-mouthed stare. He muttered self deprecating jokes into the microphone eliciting chuckles before suddenly transforming into his hyperbolic moniker: The Tallest Man on Earth. His songs speak of murder, dreamers, nature and love with a voice that elicits endless comparisons to Bob Dylan. He is a poet and vandal. The Tallest Man on Earth’s presence takes up the entire stage with his incredible finger-picking guitar work anchoring the attention of anyone within hearing distance. On that Saturday night, Matsson was in top form. He blazed through well loved tunes, and slipped easily into newer material that almost every fan could already mouth the words to. There were sing-a-long gems such as â€Å"I Won’t Be Found†, â€Å"King of Spain†, and â€Å"The Gardner†Ã¢â‚¬â€œwhich upon closer reading reveals a dark message, and soul-quenching ballads such as â€Å"You’re Going Back† where a single profanity cut through the air with a strangled pain.He performed â€Å"Where Do My Bluebirds Fly?† the best that I’ve ever heard it, but the darn sweetest moment was when Matsson’s fiancee, Amanda Bergman (aka Jaw Lesson), accompanied him on stage for a duet of â€Å"Thrown Right at Me† where, for the duration of the song, Matsson’s attention was completely focused on his woman. The night came to a close after a double song encore with a feeling of communal adoration all around. It was sad to see The Tallest Man On Earth walk off the stage knowing he’d have to go around the world before he could come back to Austin, Texas for another show. But I’ll be waiting.

Essay on 1What Is Literature

Essay on 1What Is Literature Essay on 1What Is Literature FIRST YEAR NOVEL COURSE LECTURE 1 Definition of literature and characteristics of a literary work WHAT IS LITERATURE? ï‚ž Literature can be generally defined as any written work that is produced for an artistic purpose, rather than merely to communicate information . A literary work, therefore, often has certain characteristics that distinguish it from other forms of writing. These characteristics will be outlined in the following slides. 1. LITERATURE IS FICTIONAL ï‚ž Most works of literature are fictional: they tell about imaginary or unreal people, places and events. In fantasy fiction, for example, human beings fly, perform magic remain young, travel through time, and live happily ever after. ï‚ž Even historical literature, which is based on actual events, is fictional. It includes characters, 2. LITERATURE IS AESTHETIC ï‚ž Literature is aesthetic as it gives a sense of pleasure to the reader. ï‚ž This pleasure rests in the way authors use literary conventions, such as metaphor, symbolism, irony , suspense, and poetic language to enhance and communicate ideas. 3. THE LANGUAGE OF LITERATURE ï‚ž The medium of literature, whether oral or written, is language. ï‚ž Authors of literature use language in special ways. One of those ways is an emphasis on connotative rather than denotative meanings of words. ï‚ž For example, scientists use THE LANGUAGE OF LITERATURE-CONTINUED ï‚ž In contrast, writers of literature use language connotatively: they emphasize the emotional

How Solar Flares Work and the Risks They Pose

How Solar Flares Work and the Risks They Pose A sudden flash of brightness on the Suns surface is called a solar flare. If the effect is seen on a star besides the Sun, the phenomenon is called a stellar flare. A stellar or solar flare releases a vast amount of energy, typically on the order of  1 Ãâ€" 1025  joules, over a broad spectrum of wavelengths and particles. This amount of energy is comparable to the explosion of 1 billion megatons of TNT or ten million volcanic eruptions. In addition to light, a solar flare may eject atoms, electrons, and ions into space in what is called a coronal mass ejection. When particles are released by the Sun, they are able to reach Earth within a day or two. Fortunately, the mass may be ejected outward in any direction, so the Earth isnt always affected. Unfortunately, scientists arent able to forecast flares, only give a warning when one has occurred. The most powerful solar flare was the first one that was observed. The event occurred on September 1, 1859, and is called the Solar Storm of 1859 or the Carrington Event. It was reported independently by astronomer Richard Carrington and Richard Hodgson. This flare was visible to the naked eye, set telegraph systems aflame, and produced auroras all the way down to Hawaii and Cuba. While scientists at the time didnt have the ability to measure the strength of the solar flare, modern scientists were able to reconstruct the event based on nitrate and the isotope beryllium-10 produced from the radiation. Essentially, evidence of the flare was preserved in ice in Greenland. How  a Solar Flare Works Like planets, stars consists of multiple layers. In the case of a solar flare, all layers of the Suns atmosphere are affected. In other words, energy is released from the photosphere, chromosphere, and corona. Flares tend to occur near sunspots, which are regions of intense magnetic fields. These fields link the atmosphere of the Sun to its interior. Flares are believed to result from a process called magnetic reconnection, when loops of magnetic force break apart, rejoin  and release energy. When magnetic energy is suddenly released by the corona (suddenly meaning over a matter of minutes), light and particles are accelerated into space. The source of the released matter appears to be material from the unconnected helical magnetic field, however, scientists havent completely worked out how flares work and why there are sometimes more released particles than the amount within a coronal loop. Plasma in the affected area reaches temperatures in the order of tens of million Kelvin, wh ich is nearly as hot as the Suns core. The electrons, protons, and ions are accelerated by the intense energy to nearly the speed of light. Electromagnetic radiation covers the entire spectrum, from gamma rays to radio waves. The energy released in the visible part of the spectrum makes some solar flares observable to the naked eye, but most of the energy is outside the visible range, so flares are observed using scientific instrumentation. Whether or not a solar flare is accompanied by a coronal mass ejection is not readily predictable. Solar flares may also release a flare spray, which involves an ejection of material that is faster than a solar prominence. Particles released from a flare spray may attain a velocity of 20 to 200 kilometers per second (kps). To put this into perspective, the speed of light is 299.7 kps! How Often Do Solar Flares Occur? Smaller solar flares occur more often than large ones. The frequency of any flare occurring depends on the activity of the Sun. Following the 11-year solar cycle, there may be several flares per day during an active part of the cycle, compared with fewer than one per week during a quiet phase. During peak activity, there may be 20 flares a day and over 100 per week. How Solar Flares Are Classified An earlier method of solar flare classification was based on the intensity of  the  HÃŽ ±Ã‚  line of the solar spectrum. The modern classification system categorizes flares according to their peak flux of 100 to 800 picometer X-rays, as observed by the GOES spacecraft that orbit the Earth. Classification Peak Flux (Watts per square meter) A 10−7 B 10−7 – 10−6 C 10−6 – 10−5 M 10−5 – 10−4 X 10−4 Each category is further ranked on a linear scale, such that an X2 flare is twice as potent as an X1 flare. Ordinary Risks From Solar Flares Solar flares produce what is called solar weather on Earth. The solar wind impacts the magnetosphere of the Earth, producing aurora borealis and australis, and presenting a radiation risk to satellites, spacecraft, and astronauts. Most of the risk is to objects in low Earth orbit, but coronal mass ejections from solar flares can knock out power systems on Earth and completely disable satellites. If satellites did come down,  cell phones and GPS systems would be without service. The ultraviolet light and x-rays released by a flare disrupt long-range radio and likely increase the risk of sunburn and cancer. Could a Solar Flare Destroy the Earth? In a word: yes. While the planet itself would survive an encounter with a superflare, the atmosphere could be bombarded with radiation and all life could be obliterated. Scientists have observed the release of superflares from other stars up to 10,000 times more powerful than a typical solar flare. While most of these flares occur in stars that have more powerful magnetic fields than our Sun, about 10% of the time the star is comparable to or weaker than the Sun. From studying tree rings, researchers believe Earth has experienced two small superflares- one in 773 C.E. and another in 993 C.E. Its possible we can expect a superflare about once a millennium. The chance of an extinction level superflare is unknown. Even normal flares can have devastating consequences. NASA revealed Earth narrowly missed a catastrophic solar flare on July 23, 2012. If the flare had occurred just a week earlier, when it was pointed directly at us, society would have been knocked back to the Dark Ages. The intense radiation would have disabled electrical grids, communication, and GPS on a global scale. How likely is such an event in the future? Physicist Pete Rile calculates the odds of a disruptive solar flare is 12% per 10 years. How to Predict Solar Flares At present, scientists cannot predict a solar flare with any degree of accuracy. However, high sunspot activity is associated with an increased chance of flare production. Observation of sunspots, particularly the type called delta spots, is used to calculate the probability of a flare occurring and how strong it will be. If a strong flare (M or X class) is predicted, the US National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) issues a forecast/warning. Usually, the warning allows for 1-2 days of preparation. If a solar flare and coronal mass ejection occur, the severity of the flares impact on Earth depends on the type of particles released and how directly the flare faces the Earth. Sources Big Sunspot 1520 Releases X1.4 Class Flare With Earth-Directed CME. NASA. July 12, 2012.Description of a Singular Appearance seen in the Sun on September 1, 1859, Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, v20, pp13, 1859.Karoff, Christoffer. Observational evidence for enhanced magnetic activity of superflare stars. Nature Communications volume 7, Mads Faurschou Knudsen, Peter De Cat, et al., Article number: 11058, March 24, 2016.

Reaction essay Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Reaction essay - Assignment Example The Holocaust Memorial is therefore symbolic of the murdered Jews that is why it was aptly named â€Å"Memorial for the Murdered Jews of Europe† (Michael Blackwood Productions, Inc., n.d., par. 2). I think that the ‘ort’ was a good idea to provide visitors and guests with the crucial information relating to the museum. This is necessary especially for people in future generations who could not have been appropriately informed of the historical events that transpired during this time. I still believe that the title is the most appropriate one given that even those who died of old age or disease in concentration camps also fall within this category; since they would not have been forced to be in these camps in the first place if the intention were not to murder them. Their dying of old age or of disease were just a matter of consequence. affirmation that people of the United States detest what had happened during the holocaust. Likewise, there is a need to commemorate the Jews who died and might have relatives who died during this time to manifest unity in remembering them. No national monument for the victims of slavery and genocide were erected in this country because it would not befit to show to the world that these discriminatory events and violations of human rights were actually perpetuated by people from this country. From the documentary video of Emmaly Reed, the viewers are given the prerogative to either believe what she is narrating or to dismiss this as virtually unsubstantiated (Cantrell, n.d. ). One could believe her given that there were other victims who relayed similar incidences and stories of harm that were apparently inflicted. On the contrary, given that she must have been two or three years old at that time, the events could not have been possibly remembered. Likewise, with the narration that she could have been subjected to various torture (hammering of nail on her skull or hanging and poisoning), given